Birds of Hakalau

Akepa & Creeper

Akepa & Creeper

Finally, I was able to cross off something that I’ve wanted to do for a long, long time. Over the weekend, our regular group of Manoa Cliff volunteers was able to help with the Hakalau National Wildlife refuge on the Big Island of Hawai’i. Hakalau is one of the finest birdwatching spots in the state and it did not disappoint….

Continue reading

Posted in Animals | Tagged , , , , | 2 Comments

Getting to know your Hawaiian Lobeliads #27: Cyanea lanceolata

Cyanea lanceolata

Cyanea lanceolata

  • Hawaiian Name: Haha
  • Conservation Status: Endangered
  • Distribution: O’ahu (Ko’olau mountains)
  • Date photographed: 7/20/2013
  • Ease of viewing: Difficult
  • *Identification: Form– Stems woody, muricate in juveniles Leaves– elliptic to oblanceolate, blades 15-60 cm long, 5.5-14 cm wide Flower– calyx lobes triangular, 1-3 mm long; corolla glabrous, pale to dark magenta
  • Phylogenetic comments: Formerly part of Rollandia, subspecies lanceolata was elevated to full species status. Where there was once Rollandia lanceolata, now there is Cyanea lanceolata and Cyanea calycina.
  • My notes: Another of the Cyanea spp. on O’ahu that I’ve only recently seen for the first time in the wild. I was very excited to see this particular species because Cyanea lanceolata is the first of the muricate lobeliads I’ve encountered. Thorns and prickles may have evolved in Cyanea in response to browsing pressure from giant flightless ducks (Givnish, 1994). In the picture above, I can almost see the O’ahu Moa Nalo attempting to feed from the plant and moving off in frustration.
  • Links: Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, UH Botany, Native Hawaiian Plants- Cyanea
  • Refs: Givnish, T. J., Sytsma, K. J., Smith, J. F., & Hahn, W. J. (1994). Thorn-like prickles and heterophylly in Cyanea: adaptations to extinct avian browsers on Hawaii?. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences91(7), 2810-2814.
  • Additional Pics:

Cyanea lanceolata prickles

*From Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai’i

Posted in Botany | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

Getting to know your Hawaiian Lobeliads #26: Cyanea acuminata

Cyanea acuminata

Cyanea acuminata

  • Hawaiian Name: Haha
  • Conservation Status: Endangered
  • Distribution: O’ahu (Ko’olau mountains)
  • Date photographed: 6/22/2013
  • Ease of viewing: Difficult
  • *Identification: Form– Shrub, 0.3-2 m tall Leaves– oblanceolate to narrowly obovate or elliptic, blades 11-32 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, base attenuate to cunate. Flower– calyx lobes narrowly triangular, 2-5 mm long; corolla white, 30-35 mm long, 3-4 mm wide.
  • My notes: I was given some general directions on finding this particular guy, so I was pretty please when I actually found the plant. I’ve seen Cyanea acuminata only once before at the Poamoho summit and it looked quite different. It had fat leaves and was very prostrate. In this sheltered gulch, this C. acuminata was about 2 feet tall.
  • Links: Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, UH Botany, Native Hawaiian Plants- Cyanea
  • Additional Pics:

Cyanea acuminataCyanea acuminata

*From Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai’i

Posted in Botany | Tagged , | Leave a comment

Snapshot: More Cyanea crispa flowers

Cyanea crispa flowersWe’ve been monitoring the health of a specimen of Cyanea crispa, an awesome lobeliad found in the dark understorey of Ko’olau forests. A few months back, a rotten ‘ohia branch crashed down mere feet away from this plant. It survived that close call and is now in full flower! Let’s hope it loves the word cleistogamy.

Cyanea crispa flowerscyanea crispa flowers

 

Posted in Botany | Tagged , | Leave a comment

Getting to know your Hawaiian Lobeliads #25: Delissea kauaiensis

Delissea kauaiensis

Delissea kauaiensis (cultivated)

  • Conservation Status: Endangered
  • Distribution: Kaua’i
  • Date photographed: 6/26/2013
  • Ease of viewing: Cultivated
  • *Identification: Form– Treelet or tree (rarely sparingly branched), 1.2-4.5 m tall. Leaves– 5.7-19.0 cm long, 2-11 cm wide, ovate or lanceolate, margin coarsely biserrate or crenate. Flower– Calyx lobes 0.5-2.0 mm long, 0.3-0.7 mm wide; Corolla 16-30 mm long
  • Phylogenetic comments: The Delissea undulata complex was split up into 4 different species (Lammers, 2005). Only the species from Kaua’i and Big Island are currently known to be extant. These 4 species form the now reduced sect. Delissea. 2022 update — Previously thought to be closely related to the Big Island D. argutidentata, current genetic works shows that D. kauaiensis nests with its island sympatric relative D. rhytiosperma.
  • My notes: Until I read the recent Delissea monograph, I was unsure of the differences between the 2 Kaua’i species. Delissea kauaiensis differs from D. rhytidosperma by a number of morphological features. D. kauaiensis has leaves in short internodes; the leaves form a dense apical rosette. In D. rhytidosperma the leaves are more widely spaced on the stem. D. kauaiensis rarely branches unlike D. rhytidosperma. Also, the flowers on D. kauaiensis typically have 3 knobs on the corolla, D. rhytidosperma only has one.
  • Links:  Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, UH Botany, Native Hawaiian Plants- Delissea
  • Refs: Lammers, T. G. (2005). Revision of Delissea (Campanulaceae-Lobelioideae).Systematic Botany Monographs, 1-75.

*From Lammers Revision of Delissea

Posted in Botany | Tagged , | Leave a comment

Getting to know your Hawaiian Lobeliads #24: Delissea rhytidosperma

Delissea

Delissea rhytidosperma (cultivated)

  • Conservation Status: Endangered
  • Distribution: Kaua’i
  • Date photographed: 1/3/2012
  • Ease of viewing: Cultivated
  • *Identification: Form– Shrub, 0.5-2.5 m tall. Leaves– 8-19 cm long, 2.0-5.5 cm wide; oblanceolate, elliptic, or narrowly elliptic; margins serrulate or crenulate Flower– calyx lobes 0.5-1.0 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide, glabrous; 14-24 mm long
  • Phylogenetic comments: Delissea was provincially split into two groups: plants with small greenish-white flowers were placed in the sect. delissea. D. rhytidosperma was part of this group but recent work (Lammers, 2005) has placed it into a newly erected sect. rhytidospermae. Several species were known, but D. rhytidosperma is the only one to be currently extant. 2022 update — New genetic work seems to show that D. rhytidosperma and D. kauaiensis form a clade sister to the remaining Delissea spp.
  • My notes: This highly endangered plant is known from a few wild plants in mesic forest on Kaua’i. Luckily, it does well in cultivation. Delissea rhytidosperma is one of the most commonly available lobeliads to the average gardener here in Hawai’i.
  • Links: Delissea rhytidosperma SGCN (pdf), Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, UH Botany, Native Hawaiian Plants- Delissea
  • Refs: Lammers, T. G. (2005). Revision of Delissea (Campanulaceae-Lobelioideae).Systematic Botany Monographs, 1-75.

*From Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai’i

Posted in Botany | Tagged , | Leave a comment

‘Aka’aka’awa refugium

akaakaawaI was super excited to finally come across this cool native plant. This is the sole native begonia to Hawai’i: ‘Aka’aka’awa (Hillebrandia sandwicensis). I personally like to say it in the same cadence as the name of a certain young mongoose in a certain Rudyard Kipling story. This plant is currently only found on Kaua’i, Maui and Molokai. Hillebrand (for whom the plant is named) recorded it once back in the 1880’s on Mt. Ka’ala on O’ahu.

The genetics (Clement, 2004) seem to show that this plant may have quite the story to tell. For ‘Aka’aka’awa maybe the last of its line, one whose unique evolutionary history may stretch back to just after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs. Some advertisers have it wrong. Move over cycads… ‘Aka’aka’awa is the true prehistoric plant of Hawai’i.

Continue reading

Posted in Natural History | Tagged , , | 2 Comments

I didn’t bring a camera on a quick, impromptu trip to Maui, but I just want to say that Hosmer Grove is incredible! Sure, it’s mostly alien eucalyptus and pine trees that were planted, but… wow! What birdlife! Considering on O’ahu we have maybe 2 i’iwi (Vestaria coccinea) left, seeing them in large numbers was awe-inspiring.

Posted on by Sebastian Marquez | 2 Comments

More Southern Koolau Goodies

Olopua

 

Finally, a proper hiking post. I’d rather not turn this place into just a quarterly report. Anyway, I was able to slip away for an all day hike above Honolulu. And once again, the bounty of the mountains never ceases to amaze me…

Continue reading

Posted in Botany | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

Snapshot: Wao Ilima

wao ilima

Here in Hawaii, it is said that the upland forest is called the wao akua: the realm of the gods. Few people entered the forests. Where people did live was called the wao kanaka: the realm of man. But I had also heard of the wao ilima: the realm of ilima (Sida fallax). After coming across this open meadow of almost pure ilima I can see why there were places with this name.

Posted in Botany | Tagged , , | Leave a comment