Travel is one of those things with pretty distinct paradigm shifts to me. Once change happens, it’s hard to remember what it was like before the change. It took me 5 hours to fly 2,000 some odd miles. Yet it was a mere 100ish years ago that we travelled by hoof and sail. The same trip would have taken me weeks. Route 66 was one of the main ways to get to the west coast for the average person. “Road trips” weren’t really a thing before the automobile and Route 66 held many fond memories for a generation of Americans. Nowadays with efficient air travel, the romance of Route 66 has faded. It is just another overlooked sign by the side of a nondescript road.
The hills behind the Popeye’s might not mean much to most folks, but they too went through a paradigm shift. Ground Sloths and Mammoths once roamed that very hillside. So bear with me if I smile at some random California landscape the same way your older uncle may look fondly at a road sign on a dead palm stump.
One of our volunteers, Alex, came across this female Banza katydid today. I don’t have the eye for it, last time I saw one was years back when I last posted about our native katydids. I had forgotten how large they are, the Drosophila and Philodoria I recently posted about are much smaller than this. Seeing one in a large Clermontia kakeana was a nice treat.
I had family in town and took them to a short hike with expansive views over Kahana Bay. While very popular with out of town guests, I was pleasantly surprised to come across some native plants persisting at low elevation amongst the invasive scrub. Let’s take a look at these survivors on the windward coast.
Right off the bat I’d just like to say the world is a better place with rhinos in it. Rhinos for me are also interesting because they are vestiges of a bygone era; when I look at one, I can’t help but to be transported back in time.
Baby rhinos are super cute but they are also a decent stand in for a different type of rhinoceros. While we think of modern rhinos as horned creatures, a whole assortment evolved long ago without horns. From the giant indricotheres to aceratherium, a number of lineages lack this trait so characteristic of modern rhinos that they take their name after it.
Rhinoceratids and Perissodactyls in general were quite successful back in the Eocene, some 40 million years ago. When I see our baby rhino, `Akamu, running around; I picture those lush Eocene forests with hornless rhinos of various sizes and body shapes. It was a world where the largest meat-eaters were not animals like wolves, lion, bears & hyenas, but a strange assemblage of hyeanadonts, amphicyonids, terrestrial birds, and crocodyliformes. There were also holdovers from the Mesozoic like multituberculates that coexisted with these hornless rhinos. All now extinct, Rhinos remain but without care, they may join these strange and wonderful animals in extinction. We are lucky that we still can do something about that for these echos of the Eocene.
`Akamu can be seen in the Savannah section of the Honolulu Zoo, stop by and check out these amazing animals.
What if I told you that an endangered Hawaiian bird can be easily seen from a station of the new rail system? One doesn’t usually associate rare fauna with urban areas, but that is exactly the case by the Kalauao station of the Honolulu Skyline; it’s right in front of Pearl Ridge Mall. And what seems like an odd occurrence now may be a guidepost to a healthier ecological future.
*Identification: : Form– Shrubs 2.5-4 m tall, stems unbranched or sparingly branched. Leaves– pinnately divided, cut 3/4-7/8 the distance to the midrib, blades 17-30 cm long, 7-14 cm wide. Flower– calyx lobes oblong, 3-6 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, corolla pale greenish white, 30-36 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the tube gently curved.
Phylogenetic comments:2022 update — C. shipmanii is nested with the orange-fruited glabra clade; those species have a distribution in the younger islands of Maui Nui and Hawai`i.
My notes: This was one of the star taxa we saw when we went to Hakalau about 10 years ago now. While sort of similar looking to the O’ahu Cyanea grimesiana, C. shipmanii leaves have finer divisions. The peduncles also seem shorter and stiffer giving the flowers and fruits a more congested appearance along the stem. I remember being a tad jealous of this species as it, like other Big Island lobeliads, has a credible chance to be pollinated and dispersed by native birds. Something that is still a stretch of the imagination here on O’ahu.
Lagerstatten present an interesting, if morbid, paradox. The very processes which leads to exquisite fossil preservation for appreciation and study, while quite fortuitous from our point of view, are also horrible, no good, very bad ones for the object of our inquiry. Think extreme landslide or flood or eruption. Things that we ourselves would not want to be caught in the middle of. Still, these catastrophic events can sometimes provide an unparalleled view of the past. One of the finest examples of this in the world happens to be on a small hillside 3 hours outside Omaha, Nebraska. A few days ago I was lucky enough to finally visit the Ashfall Fossil Beds in Antelope County, NE.
Growing up in Chicago, American Robins (Turdus migratorius) were a favorite of mine. How could they not be? Robins are adaptable, resilient, and plentiful. As a little kid, they were an easy bird to observe even in the very urban area that I grew up. There was even one spring in third grade when a pair of robins made a nest just outside our window sill, giving the budding little naturalist in me a wonderful chance to observe them.
Watching this particular robin in my parent’s backyard made me a bit sad, honestly. For they are songbirds. The extinctions and habitat destruction that happened in Hawai`i over the last several centuries have left the current situation where the average person living in the state will never see a native songbird in their backyard. An exquisite radiation of honeyeater, honeycreepers, thrushes have either become completely extinct or extirpated from the areas where most people live.
`I`iwi, `Akohekohe, `Akikiki should be as easy to see and film in Hawai`i as this robin. Instead there is a very real chance that some of these species may go extinct in the next few years. We will never see them again. For all the talk of people caring for the planet and saving the environment we have still ended up in this very grave situation.
There are measures going on right now to use a naturally occurring bacteria to help alleviate the pressure mosquitoes and the diseases they pass on to the birds. There are some… let’s call them well-meaning folks opposed to this. They are worried about perceived threats vs. these very real extinction possibilities. It is not hypothetical at this point.
Is there a last minute, last ditch effort that will save these birds? Maybe. People will still give their all on even the slimmest chance that we can save these birds. I wish I could say that it should have never gotten this bad. But it has and now we have to hope that all the dice roll our way and that someday these birds will be like American Robins once again.
In the 13 years that I’ve run Studia Mirabilium, I may have mentioned olonā (Touchardia latifolia) in passing a few times. Well today, let’s give olonā its due. Olonā, long revered for the high quality cordage it provides, may prove to have an important multi-faceted role in the future.
We were given these old photos by a family acquaintance. I remember rummaging through some old photos albums when I saw one that said Koke`e. I can’t remember if the dates were closer to 1910 or the 1920’s. Some of the photos showed they went up with pack horses if that is telling. Most of the photos were of the camping party itself, but a couple immediately caught my eye.
When I saw this photo, I noticed that they had captured a really nice shot of a mature Haha lua (Cyanea leptostegia). This is the tallest of the extant lobeliads with some individuals up to 30-40 ft tall.
As neat as seeing an old photo of our tallest native lobeliad is, I’m also really happy to get a glimpse into what native forests looked like 100 years ago. Photos like this help give me an image of what we are trying to restore.