The Akoko that hid in plain sight

Here is a shot I took of the Pali lookout. It is a very popular tourist location here on O’ahu. Aside from the great view of the windward side of the island, it was also the site of the Battle of Nu’uanu in 1795. But it also held a wonderful secret.

‘Akokos (Chamaesyce spp.) are variable plants that are found throughout the island chain. Some species are quite common, others are very rare. One of these rare species is Chamaesyce deppeana. This plant was really only known from collections in the late 1800’s from the southern Ko’olaus. By 1980, it was considered extinct. It was rediscovered in 1986… at the Pali lookout of all places.

Take a look at the top picture. That area on the left is where thousands of people walk around daily taking pictures. But the rock face on the right, that is where this plant was rediscovered. We are not talking about the Pali lookout vicinity. The habitat IS the Pali lookout. These plants were hiding in plain sight. I’m sure untold numbers of people must have seen this plant that botanists hadn’t seen in decades, they just didn’t know what they were looking at.

So here’s a picture of this Akoko. It is an example of us living with endangered species. Except for the longest time, we had no idea we actually were.

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Getting to know your Hawaiian Lobeliads #8: Clermontia oblongifolia

Clermontia oblongifolia

  • Hawaiian Name: Oha wai
  • Conservation Status: Apparently Secure
  • Distribution: O’ahu, Moloka’i, Lana’i (extinct), Maui
  • Date photographed: 1/2/2011
  • Ease of viewing: Easy
  • *Identification: Form– Terrestrial shrub or tree 2-7 m tall. Leaves– oblong, elliptic, or lanceolate; blades 7-19 cm long by 2-5 cm wide; margins callose-crenulate; petioles 1.8-11.5 cm long. Flower– hypanthium hemispherical to obconical, 10-13 mm long; perianth greenish-white to purplish externally, white or cream within, arcuate, distinctly tubular, 50-65 mm long.
  • Phylogenetic comments: Clermontia oblongifolia is currently split into 3 different subspecies. Subsp. brevipes is found on Moloka’i, subsp. mauiensis on Maui, and subsp. oblongifolia on O’ahu.
  • My notes: This is the rarest of the native lobeliads in our restoration site. We have some seedlings; the sole large individual was outplanted at the site about 16 years ago.
  • Links: Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, UH Botany, Native Hawaiian Plants- Clermontia

*From Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai’i

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Getting to know your Hawaiian Lobeliads #7: Lobelia monostachya

Lobelia monostachya

  • Conservation Status: Endangered
  • Distribution: O’ahu (Southern Ko’olau mountains)
  • Date photographed: 10/27/2010
  • Ease of viewing: Difficult
  • *Identification: Form– Stems woody, prostrate, 1.5-2.5 dm long Leaves– linear; blades 7-15 cm long by 0.4-0.7 cm wide; margins entire to minute callose-denticulate, flat or revolute; sessile or subsessile. Flower– hypanthium obconical; calyx lobes subulate to linear, 1-2.5 mm long; corolla magenta, curved, 15-18 mm long.
  • My notes: Lobelia monostachya has a pretty cool story. Aside from the type specimen found in the early 1800’s, the only other records of this species were in the 1920’s in Manoa valley. It was thought to be extinct until it was rediscovered in 1994. To be shown this population of L. monostachya by the gentleman who rediscovered the species, well that is just icing on the cake.
  • Links: Lobelia monostachya SGCN (pdf), Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, US Fish & Wildlife, UH Botany, Native Hawaiian Plants- Lobelia, Lobelia monostachya 5-year review (pdf)

*From Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai’i

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Getting to know your Hawaiian Lobeliads #6: Cyanea angustifolia

Cyanea angustifolia

  • Hawaiian Name: Haha
  • Conservation Status: Apparently Secure
  • Distribution: O’ahu, Moloka’i, Lana’i, Maui
  • Date photographed: 8/9/2010
  • Ease of viewing: Easy
  • *Identification: Form– Branched shrub 1.5-5 m tall. Leaves-lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly oblong; blades 9-32 cm long by 1.5-5.5 cm wide; margins callose-crenulate to callose-crenate; petioles 2.5-9 cm long. Flower– hypanthium purple, obovoid, 3-6 mm long; calyx lobes dentiform, 0.5-1 mm long; corolla white or greenish white, 20-30 mm long.
  • Phylogenetic comments: C. angustifolia is part of the clade of Cyanea that has purple fruit. Many of these purple-fruited types can be found in more open forest habitat, as opposed to the forest interiors like the orange-fruited Cyanea2022 update — C. angustifolia seems to have diverged early on from C. pyrularia and together with C. membrenacea  and species related to C. mannii form the angustifolia clade.
  • My notes: Currently, this is the second-most common lobeliad found in the Manoa Cliff restoration site. It is quite easily seen along the trail. Some of the older ones are about 10-12 ft tall. Another very easy to see individual is off the popular Aiea Loop trail. — Now in 2023, this species is in an interesting spot for me. Over the years, this has been the most common species of Cyanea that I’ve come across. When I originally did this write-up for this species a decade ago, there were still areas where one could come across dozens. Rarely had I come across seedlings though. We’re still doing what we can to keep this species robust.
  • Links: Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, UH Botany, Native Hawaiian Plants- Cyanea
  • Additional pics:

*From Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai’i

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Snapshot: The only Hawaiian carnivorous plant

Mikinalo (Drosera anglica) in the Alaka'i Swamp

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Layman’s guide to the plants along the Pihea Trail

I’m calling it a layman’s guide not because of my readers, rather because I’m the humble layman. My very first post was about the birds easily spotted along the trail, it seems appropriate to finally talk about some of the flora on the Pihea Trail.

This will be a guide of the Pihea Trail to the spur of the Pihea vista. I’d say it takes about 3 hrs total round trip. The trail itself starts at the end of State Highway 550 at the 2nd Kalalau lookout. Here is a view of the trailhead looking back from about 1/2 mile in on the trail:

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Iliau Loop Trail

Waimea Canyon is a very famous natural area on the island of Kaua’i. There are a couple lookouts that many people take their scenic shots at, but I like the view from the Iliau Loop Trail. As seen above, you can get just about the same panorama except here you have a pretty cool grove of endemic plants to add into the picture.

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Getting to know your Hawaiian Lobeliads #5: Cyanea crispa

Cyanea crispa

  • Hawaiian Name: Haha
  • Conservation Status: Endangered
  • Distribution: O’ahu (Ko’olau mountains)
  • Date photographed: 11/2/2010
  • Ease of viewing: Difficult
  • *Identification: Form– Stems fleshy, 0.3-1.3 m long Leaves– broadly obovate; blades 30-75 cm long by 9-16 cm wide; margins undulate, callose-crenulate to entire; petioles 0.8-4 cm long. Flower– hypanthium obconical, 8-12 mm long; calyx lobes ovate to oblong, 6-12 mm long; corolla pale magenta with darker longitudinal stripes, 4-6 cm long.
  • My notes: I was shown this population in the Southern Ko’olaus. It consists of 2 mature plants about 10 feet from each other. I truly am a dorky guy because I was so excited to come across these plants. I almost high-fived the guy I was with. It was like seeing a mint condition Amazing Fantasy #15 in the middle of the forest. They were a lot bigger than I was expecting: one was about 4 feet tall. Unfortunately, I saw no other seedlings or juveniles in the area.
  • Links: Cyanea crispa SGCN (pdf), Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, UH Botany, Native Hawaiian Plants- Cyanea, US Fish and Wildlife, Cyanea crispa 5-year review (pdf)
  • Additional pics:

*From Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai’i

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O’ahu tree snails in the Wai’anaes

Here are some pictures I took of Achatinella mustelina, a rare endemic snail found only in the Wai’anae range.

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Getting to know your Hawaiian Lobeliads #4: Clermontia kakeana

Clermontia kakeana

  • Hawaiian Name: Oha wai
  • Conservation Status: Apparently Secure
  • Distribution: O’ahu, Moloka’i, Mau’i
  • Date photographed: 6/20/2010
  • Ease of viewing: Easy
  • *Identification: Form– Terrestrial or epiphytic shrub or tree 1-6 m tall. Leaves-elliptic, oblanceolate, or narrowly obovate; blades 12-26 cm long by 3.5-9.8 cm wide; margins callose-crenulate; petioles 2-7 cm long. Flower– hypanthium hemispherical to obovoid, perinath pale green externally, greenish-white to white internally, 45-55 mm long.
  • Phylogenetic comments: 2022 update Clermontia kakeana does not seem to be closely related to the other 2 Clermontia spp found on O’ahu. Rather it forms a monophyletic clade with the rest of the Big Island Clermontia.
  • My notes: I can’t help but beam with pride when talking about this plant. It is becoming more and more rare on O’ahu. On many of the trails where it was formerly common, C. kakeana has vanished in the last couple years. Except on the Manoa Cliff Trail in our restoration area. In our enclosure, I’d say we might be over 100 individuals by now, with some of the earliest plantings already reproducing. I might be biased, but this is probably the easiest of the native lobeliads to see on O’ahu.
  • Links: Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian islands, UH Botany, Native Hawaiian Plants- Clermontia
  • Additional pics:

*From Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai’i

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